Travelling abroad provides valuable opportunities to explore new perspectives, cultures and experiences. However, for individuals managing chronic conditions, venturing far from home can bring unique challenges and uncertainties. Planning for travel when you have a long-term health condition involves extra considerations. Yet, with careful preparation and informed decisions, travellers with chronic conditions can embark on journeys with confidence and safety.
The Rising Trend of Travel Among Those with Chronic Conditions
In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of people with chronic conditions embarking on international and domestic trips. According to National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC), the prevalence of travellers with chronic health conditions is on the rise, as more individuals with long-term health issues seek to maintain active and fulfilling lifestyles.
It is estimated that more than 15 million people in England—about a quarter of the population—live with a long-term medical condition. These conditions often require ongoing treatment and can influence various aspects of life, including the ability to travel. However, advancements in healthcare, better access to medications, and increased awareness about managing health while travelling have empowered individuals with chronic conditions to explore the world.
Types of Chronic Conditions Commonly Seen in Travellers
The spectrum of chronic conditions that travellers may face is vast, and each condition presents its own set of challenges when it comes to travel. Let’s look at some of the most common chronic health conditions travellers may be managing and explore the key considerations involved.
Cardiovascular Diseases (Heart Disease and Hypertension)
Cardiovascular conditions, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and high blood pressure, affect a significant portion of the adult population. Travellers with heart disease may need to monitor their health more closely while travelling, taking care to manage stress, ensure they have access to essential medication, avoid physical strain and be aware of risks like venous thromboembolism during long flights.
Diabetes
Diabetes is one of the most common chronic conditions that affect travellers. Managing blood glucose levels, particularly when travelling across time zones or in different climates, can be challenging. Diabetic travellers need to carefully plan for insulin storage, monitor diet and hydration, and carry the necessary medical supplies.
Respiratory Conditions (Asthma and COPD)
Respiratory issues like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be prevalent in travellers. Air quality, pollution, and changes in altitude or temperature can exacerbate symptoms. Travellers with asthma or COPD must plan for medication, have access to inhalers, and be prepared for potential triggers that could arise during travel.
Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Arthritis, especially osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, can make long trips or long periods of walking difficult. Pain management, mobility assistance, and appropriate clothing and footwear are essential for travellers with these conditions. Managing fatigue and avoiding overexertion and opting for accommodations that suit physical needs are key to making travel more comfortable for these individuals.
Autoimmune Diseases
Conditions like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis fall under the umbrella of autoimmune diseases. These conditions often require careful management, and travel may involve specific considerations, such as medication adjustments, managing flare-ups, or dealing with changes in climate that might impact the condition. Consulting healthcare providers for tailored advice can ensure that individuals are prepared for specific challenges.
HIV and Immunosuppression
Travellers living with HIV or those who are immunosuppressed due to conditions like organ transplants or autoimmune diseases face unique health challenges. These individuals can be at a higher risk of complications from infections, particularly when travelling to regions with prevalent diseases such as malaria. Proper management of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prophylactic treatments is essential. Additionally, live vaccines, such as yellow fever, may not be suitable for some individuals, so alternative options or exemptions must be explored.
Mental Health Conditions (Anxiety, Depression, PTSD)
Mental health conditions are increasingly recognised as chronic conditions that impact many travellers. Conditions such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can affect how individuals navigate unfamiliar environments. Travellers with mental health conditions may need to plan for stress management techniques, medication, and support systems during their trips.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Conditions like Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis, both classified as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), can affect a wide number of travellers. These conditions can lead to urgent health needs during travel, and individuals may need to carefully consider their diet, access to medical care, and availability of bathrooms while on the move.
The Importance of Travel Health Awareness
Healthcare professionals play a vital role in ensuring safe travel for individuals with chronic conditions. According to NaTHNaC, travellers should seek medical advice at least 6-8 weeks before departure to address vaccination requirements and prophylaxis for malaria. Personalised advice based on the traveller’s medical history, planned destination and activities can significantly enhance safety. For example:
- Diabetic travellers might need guidance on managing blood sugar during long flights.
- Individuals with cardiovascular disease should be aware of high-altitude risks or extreme weather effects
- Vaccines may be contraindicated for some individuals, particularly those who are immunosuppressed.
Key Considerations for Safe Travel
Securing comprehensive travel insurance that covers pre-existing conditions is crucial, as it ensures access to medical care abroad without incurring excessive costs. Travellers should carry their medications in original packaging, along with a prescription or a letter from their healthcare provider. It’s also wise to pack extra supplies to account for potential delays or loss.
In addition, researching the availability and quality of medical facilities at the destination is an important aspect of travel planning. Being familiar with local healthcare systems can help reduce anxiety and offer reassurance in the event of an emergency.
Challenges Faced by Travellers with Chronic Conditions
For many, the uncertainty of travel, whether it’s the unpredictability of symptoms or the fear of not having access to healthcare, can deter them from pursuing travel opportunities. However, these barriers are not insurmountable. With proper planning and guidance, travellers with chronic conditions can successfully navigate these challenges.
Supporting Travellers with Chronic Conditions
To address the needs of travellers with chronic conditions, Health Academy are hosting a FREE lunchtime learning session: Travellers with Chronic Conditions on Tuesday, 14th January, from 12:30 PM to 13:30 PM. This session will explore:
- What additional factors should we consider in our travel health consultations?
- The risks associated with air travel and how to manage them
- Tips for preparing travellers with chronic conditions and minimising their risks while travelling
- How and where to access medical assistance while overseas
- Which travel associated infections might pose more of a risk and how to manage them
- Useful resources
Delivered by Becky Swadling, a Registered Nurse and Specialist in Travel Health, this lunchtime learning session aims to equip healthcare professionals with the tools and knowledge needed to make travel a safe and empowering experience for those managing chronic health challenges.
